HALIFAX — An Indigenous government in Nova Scotia has passed a new resolution saying the province and RCMP have no right to carry out enforcement on its lands, as police and provincial officials step up raids on what they claim are illegal cannabis operations.
The council of Cape Breton’s Membertou First Nation, led by Chief Terry Paul, released the resolution Friday saying it has a treaty right to self-governance, recognized by the Constitution. It says that includes the right to regulate sales of cannabis and tobacco.
“Enforcement bodies used by the Province of Nova Scotia to assert their unlawful authority, including the RCMP, and Service Nova Scotia — Alcohol, Gaming, Fuel and Tobacco Division, are not permitted to carry out enforcement activities on Membertou lands,” says the document.
It’s the latest in an ongoing dispute between Nova Scotia’s Mi’kmaw governments and the province that ratched up when Attorney General Scott Armstrong issued a directive to police agencies in December to increase illegal cannabis enforcement. Armstrong wrote to 13 Mi’kmaq chiefs at the time, requesting their co-operation.
The provincial government and Mi’kmaq leaders have also had disputes over grant funding, resource extraction policies and protests on Crown land.
Armstrong has claimed unregulated cannabis benefits organized crime, with profits used to fund other crimes, such as human trafficking. Police have followed orders with a series of raids across the province, including on March 3 when they seized cannabis from five dispensaries in Eskasoni First Nation, Potlotek First Nation, Paq’tnkek First Nation, Waycobah First Nation and near Digby, N.S.
The province allows cannabis sales only at the Crown-owned Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation (NSLC) locations.
Paul issued a statement earlier this month saying that the Mi’kmaq have a “collective treaty right to the sale of cannabis.” Armstrong responded that he has the utmost respect for the chief, but they have a difference of opinion.
The province maintains that multiple court decisions have rejected the idea that cannabis sales are a treaty right. There are other cases involving Indigenous-owned cannabis operators currently making their way through the provincial court system.
“Federal and provincial laws govern alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis,” the government said in a statement Saturday. “These laws apply throughout Nova Scotia, including on reserve lands. Police are responsible for enforcement.”
The RCMP did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Membertou, next door to Sydney, N.S., has built strong connections with the business community and other governments. In 2021 it led the Indigenous side of the $1-billion purchase of Nova Scotia’s Clearwater Seafoods, in partnership with B.C.-based Premium Brands. Along with two other Nova Scotia Mi’kmaq communities, it’s a 51 per cent owner of the several wind farms Everwind Fuels is building to help power its proposed green hydrogen production plant on Cape Breton Island.
Earlier this month Membertou signed a deal with Ottawa that saw 165 hectares of new land added to the reserve, doubling its land base.
Other First Nations are opposing the cannabis crackdown. Maw-lukutijik Saqmaq, also known as the Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi’kmaw Chiefs, issued a statement earlier this month saying raids have undermined the positive work that had been done to build relationships between the First Nations, police and the province. The Sipekne’katik First Nation northeast of Halifax has cited the cannabis directive for banning Premier Tim Houston and several ministers from the community.
The provincial government introduced a bill last week that would ramp up cannabis enforcement by increasing fines and allowing peace officers to enforce cannabis rules alongside police.
Last year the province offered a legal path for regulated First Nations cannabis stores, overseen by the NSLC. The Crown corporation said it has signed one such deal with a Mi’kmaw community, but declined to say which one.
“The community will share more when they are ready to move forward with next steps,” the NSLC said in a statement last week.
The Houston government and Mi’kmaq communities have been at odds on other issues. Indigenous leaders dismissed a government bill last year making it illegal to block forest access roads as a heavy-handed attempt to ignore Mi’kmaq rights, following a protest of a logging operation at Hunter’s Mountain in Cape Breton.
Leaders have also spoken out against Houston’s push for greater resource development, including the repeal of decade-long bans on natural gas fracking and uranium mining.
The government introduced a budget last month with more than $130-million in grant cuts, including rollbacks in funding for 21 Mi’kmaq programs. Under intense public pressure, Houston reversed more than $50-million of those cuts impacting seniors, Black Nova Scotians and people with disabilities this week, but restored funding to just two Mi’kmaw programs.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published March 14, 2026.
Devin Stevens, The Canadian Press
